[Linux] Rocky Linux 9.5 임시 IP 설정하는 3가지 방법 (ip, ifconfig, nmcli)

1. 개요

Rocky Linux 9.5 환경에서 임시 IP를 설정하는 다양한 방법을 정리합니다.

2. 버전

Rocky Linux 9.5

3. 설명

3-1. 네트워크 구성 기본 용어

용어	설명
IP Address	네트워크 상에서 장치를 식별하는 주소 (예: 192.168.0.10)
Subnet Mask	같은 네트워크에 속한 범위를 결정 (예: /24 → 255.255.255.0)
Gateway	외부 네트워크(인터넷)로 나갈 때 경유하는 장비 주소
DNS	도메인 이름을 IP 주소로 변환하는 시스템 (예: google.com → 142.250.206.14)

4. IP

4-1. 인터페이스 목록 확인

# ip address

출력 예시:

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp5s0f0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:25:90:e0:b6:0e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::431:653a:1a13:2485/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: enp5s0f1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:25:90:e0:b6:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::225:90ff:fee0:b60f/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4-2. IP 추가

# ip address add 192.168.204.245/24 dev enp5s0f0

4-3. Gateway 설정

# ip route add default via 192.168.204.254

4-4. 설정 확인

4-4-1. IP 설정 확인

# ip address show enp5s0f0

출력 예시:

2: enp5s0f0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:25:90:e0:b6:0e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.204.245/24 scope global enp5s0f0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4-4-2. Gateway 설정 확인

# ip route show

출력 예시:

default via 192.168.204.254 dev enp5s0f0<br>192.168.204.0/24 dev enp5s0f0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.204.245

5. ifconfig

5-1. net-tools 설치

# dnf -y install net-tools

5-2. IP 설정

# ifconfig enp5s0f0 192.168.204.245 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

5-3. Gateway 설정

# route add default gw 192.168.204.254

5-4. 설정 확인

# ifconfig enp5s0f0

출력 예시:

enp5s0f0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.204.245  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.204.255
        inet6 fe80::431:653a:1a13:2485  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:25:90:e0:b6:0e  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 631  bytes 46002 (44.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 35  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 52  bytes 7700 (7.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0<br>        device memory 0xb7220000-b723ffff

6. nmcli

6-1. 연결 확인

# nmcli connection show

출력 예시:

NAME                UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
enp5s0f1            7c06e8db-317c-363e-8e16-626c230a063e  ethernet  enp5s0f1
Wired connection 1  d79c523e-cdeb-315e-8f21-700982053ce2  ethernet  enp5s0f0
lo                  6f1d88e3-1cb0-4b07-ae50-3c570cc8ea51  loopback  lo

# nmcli device status

출력 예시:

DEVICE    TYPE      STATE                                  CONNECTION
enp5s0f0  ethernet  connecting (getting IP configuration)  Wired connection 1
enp5s0f1  ethernet  connecting (getting IP configuration)  enp5s0f1
lo        loopback  connected (externally)                 lo

6-2. IP 및 Gateway, DNS 설정

# nmcli device modify enp5s0f0 ipv4.addresses 192.168.204.245/24
# nmcli device modify enp5s0f0 ipv4.gateway 192.168.204.254
# nmcli device modify enp5s0f0 ipv4.dns 168.126.63.1
# nmcli device modify enp5s0f0 ipv4.method manual