{"id":1426,"date":"2025-04-01T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426"},"modified":"2025-03-24T15:06:24","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T06:06:24","slug":"rocky-kvm%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c-nvidia-gpu-passthrough-%ec%8b%9c-rminitadapter-failed-%ec%98%a4%eb%a5%98-%ed%95%b4%ea%b2%b0%ed%95%98%ea%b8%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426","title":{"rendered":"[Rocky] KVM\uc5d0\uc11c NVIDIA GPU Passthrough \uc2dc RmInitAdapter failed \uc624\ub958 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><br><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\ubaa9\ucc28<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\ubaa9\ucc28 \ud1a0\uae00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426\/#1_%EA%B0%9C%EC%9A%94\" >1. \uac1c\uc694<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426\/#2_%EB%B2%84%EC%A0%84\" >2. \ubc84\uc804<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426\/#3_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C_%EC%84%A4%EB%AA%85\" >3. \ubb38\uc81c \uc124\uba85<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426\/#3-1_%EC%A6%9D%EC%83%81\" >3-1. \uc99d\uc0c1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426\/#3-2_%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8_%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D\" >3-2. \uc6d0\uc778 \ubd84\uc11d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426\/#4_%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0_%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95\" >4. \ud574\uacb0 \ubc29\ubc95<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426\/#4-1_GPU_HDMI_Audio%EB%A5%BC_vfio-pci%EB%A1%9C_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%94%A9\" >4-1. GPU + HDMI Audio\ub97c vfio-pci\ub85c \ubc14\uc778\ub529<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/seuheu.com\/?p=1426\/#4-2_initramfs_%EC%9E%AC%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1\" >4-2. initramfs \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%EA%B0%9C%EC%9A%94\"><\/span>1. \uac1c\uc694<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>KVM\uc5d0\uc11c NVIDIA GPU\ub97c Passthrough \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec VM\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\ud560 \ub54c <code>RmInitAdapter failed<\/code> \uc624\ub958\ub97c \uc790\uc8fc \uc811\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubcf8 \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud305\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 GTX 1050 Ti\ub97c passthrough \ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c <code>NVRM: rm_init_adapter failed<\/code> \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c <strong>vfio-pci \ubc14\uc778\ub529\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uacb0\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840<\/strong>\ub97c \uacf5\uc720\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%EB%B2%84%EC%A0%84\"><\/span>2. \ubc84\uc804<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rocky 8.10<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C_%EC%84%A4%EB%AA%85\"><\/span>3. \ubb38\uc81c \uc124\uba85<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-1_%EC%A6%9D%EC%83%81\"><\/span>3-1. \uc99d\uc0c1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>VM \ubd80\ud305 \uc9c1\ud6c4 <code>dmesg<\/code> \ub85c\uadf8 \ub610\ub294 VM \ucf58\uc194\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc5d0\ub7ec \ubc1c\uc0dd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"[   19.415551] NVRM: GPU 0000:0a:00.0: RmInitAdapter failed! (0x23:0x65:1552)\n[   19.415777] NVRM: GPU 0000:0a:00.0: rm_init_adapter failed, device minor number 1\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">[   19.415551] NVRM: GPU 0000:0a:00.0: RmInitAdapter failed! (0x23:0x65:1552)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">[   19.415777] NVRM: GPU 0000:0a:00.0: rm_init_adapter failed, device minor number 1<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-2_%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8_%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D\"><\/span>3-2. \uc6d0\uc778 \ubd84\uc11d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>KVM passthrough \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>GPU\uc640 HDMI Audio\uac00 \uc138\ud2b8\ub85c \ubb36\uc5ec \ub3d9\uc791<\/strong>\ud574\uc57c \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd08\uae30\ud654\ub428<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>GPU<\/code>\ub294 <code>vfio-pci<\/code>\ub85c \ubc14\uc778\ub529\ud588\uc73c\ub098, <code>HDMI Audio<\/code>\ub294 <code>pci-stub<\/code>\ub85c \ubc14\uc778\ub529\ub41c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>GPU \ucd08\uae30\ud654 \uc2e4\ud328<\/strong> \ubc1c\uc0dd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NVIDIA \ub4dc\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uac00 PCIe\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9b0 <strong>VGA\uc640 Audio\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ucd08\uae30\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815<\/strong>\uc5d0\uc11c HDMI Audio\uac00 vfio\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc288<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0_%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95\"><\/span>4. \ud574\uacb0 \ubc29\ubc95<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-1_GPU_HDMI_Audio%EB%A5%BC_vfio-pci%EB%A1%9C_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%94%A9\"><\/span>4-1. GPU + HDMI Audio\ub97c vfio-pci\ub85c \ubc14\uc778\ub529<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"# vim \/etc\/modprobe.d\/vfio.conf\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A9955\"># vim \/etc\/modprobe.d\/vfio.conf<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc124\uc815 \ub4f1\ub85d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"options vfio-pci ids=10de:1c82,10de:0fb9,10de:11fa,10de:0e0b\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">options vfio-pci ids=10de:1c82,10de:0fb9,10de:11fa,10de:0e0b<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-2_initramfs_%EC%9E%AC%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1\"><\/span>4-2. initramfs \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"dracut -f\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">dracut -f<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \uac1c\uc694 2. \ubc84\uc804 3. \ubb38\uc81c \uc124\uba85 3-1. \uc99d\uc0c1 VM \ubd80\ud305 \uc9c1\ud6c4 dmesg \ub85c\uadf8 \ub610\ub294 VM \ucf58\uc194\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc5d0\ub7ec \ubc1c\uc0dd: 3-2. \uc6d0\uc778 \ubd84\uc11d 4. \ud574\uacb0 \ubc29\ubc95 4-1. 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