[Linux] Rocky Linux 9.5 LVM RAID 0·1·5·10 구성과 디스크 교체 방법

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1. 개요

  • LVM(Linux Logical Volume Manager)을 이용해 RAID0, RAID1, RAID5, RAID10 구성을 실습하는 과정을 다룹니다.


2. 버전

  • Rocky Linux 9.5


3. 설명




3-1. RAID란?

  • RAID(Redundant Array of Independent Disks)는 여러 개의 물리 디스크를 묶어 성능 향상 또는 데이터 안전성 확보를 제공하는 기술입니다.
    • RAID0 (Striping) : 성능 ↑, 안전성 ×
    • RAID1 (Mirroring) : 안전성 ↑, 용량 절반
    • RAID5 (Parity 기반 분산 저장) : 성능+안전성 균형, 디스크 최소 3개 필요
    • RAID10 (RAID0 + RAID1 조합) : 성능+안전성 모두 확보, 디스크 최소 4개 필요



3-2. rimage와 rmeta란?

  • LVM에서 RAID LV를 만들면 내부적으로 여러 서브 LV를 생성합니다.
    • rimage (RAID Image)
      • 실제 데이터 블록이 저장되는 공간
      • RAID0/RAID1/RAID5/RAID10 구성에서 데이터 분산 저장
    • rmeta (RAID Metadata)
      • RAID 구성을 관리하기 위한 메타데이터 저장소
      • 각 디스크의 상태, 동기화 정보, Parity 관리 등에 사용됨
      • RAID1, RAID5, RAID10 등 메타데이터가 필요한 RAID 모드에서만 생성


4. Partition




4-1. Partition 생성

# for i in vdb vdc vdd vde; do
parted -s /dev/$i mklabel gpt
parted -s /dev/$i mkpart $i 1 100%
parted -s /dev/$i set 1 lvm on
done



4-2. Partition 생성 확인

# parted -l | grep lvm


출력 예시:

 1      1049kB  137GB  137GB               vdd   lvm
 1      1049kB  137GB  137GB               vdb   lvm
 1      1049kB  137GB  137GB               vde   lvm
 1      1049kB  137GB  137GB               vdc   lvm


5. PV(Physical Volume)




5-1. PV(Physical Volume) 생성

# pvcreate /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdc1 /dev/vdd1 /dev/vde1


출력 예시:

  Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/vdc1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/vdd1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/vde1" successfully created.
  Creating devices file /etc/lvm/devices/system.devices



5-2. PV(Physical Volume) 생성 확인

# pvdisplay -s


출력 예시:

  Device "/dev/vdb1" has a capacity of <128.00 GiB
  Device "/dev/vdc1" has a capacity of <128.00 GiB
  Device "/dev/vdd1" has a capacity of <128.00 GiB
  Device "/dev/vde1" has a capacity of <128.00 GiB


6. VG(Volume Group)




6-1. VG(Volume Group) 생성

# vgcreate vg_raid /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdc1 /dev/vdd1 /dev/vde1


출력 예시:

  Volume group "vg_raid" successfully created



6-2. VG(Volume Group) 생성 확인

# vgdisplay -s


출력 예시:

  "vg_raid" 511.98 GiB [0         used / 511.98 GiB free]


7. LV(Logical Volume)




7-1. LV(Logical Volume) 생성



7-1-1. RAID0

# lvcreate --type raid0 -L 20G -n lv_raid0 vg_raid /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdc1


출력 예시:

  Using default stripesize 64.00 KiB.
  Logical volume "lv_raid0" created.


7-1-2. RAID1

# lvcreate --type raid1 -L 20G -n lv_raid1 vg_raid /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdc1


출력 예시:

  Logical volume "lv_raid1" created.


7-1-3. RAID5

# lvcreate --type raid5 -L 20G -n lv_raid5 vg_raid /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdc1 /dev/vdd1


출력 예시:

  Using default stripesize 64.00 KiB.
  Logical volume "lv_raid5" created.


7-1-4. RAID10

# lvcreate --type raid10 -L 20G -n lv_raid10 vg_raid /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdc1 /dev/vdd1 /dev/vde1


출력 예시:

  Using default stripesize 64.00 KiB.
  Logical volume "lv_raid10" created.



7-2. LV(Logical Volume) 생성 확인



7-2-1. RAID0 확인

# lvdisplay -m /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid0


출력 예시:

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid0
  LV Name                lv_raid0
  VG Name                vg_raid
  LV UUID                a3QcAT-0jcx-59Fz-auJA-AB5a-KErm-MOD5Gb
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time KVM01, 2025-09-06 15:31:53 +0900
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                20.00 GiB
  Current LE             5120
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     512
  Block device           252:2

  --- Segments ---
  Logical extents 0 to 5119:
    Type                raid0
    Monitoring          not monitored
    Raid Data LV 0
      Logical volume    lv_raid0_rimage_0
      Logical extents   0 to 2559
    Raid Data LV 1
      Logical volume    lv_raid0_rimage_1
      Logical extents   0 to 2559


# lvs -a -o name,devices vg_raid | grep lv_raid0


출력 예시:

  lv_raid0             lv_raid0_rimage_0(0),lv_raid0_rimage_1(0)
  [lv_raid0_rimage_0]  /dev/vdb1(0)
  [lv_raid0_rimage_1]  /dev/vdc1(0)


7-2-2. RAID1 확인

# lvdisplay -m /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid1


출력 예시:

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid1
  LV Name                lv_raid1
  VG Name                vg_raid
  LV UUID                FU2uZl-yXSA-Ibey-n8gZ-UF4h-7tBG-gX8GgV
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time KVM01, 2025-09-06 15:32:26 +0900
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                20.00 GiB
  Current LE             5120
  Mirrored volumes       2
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           252:7

  --- Segments ---
  Logical extents 0 to 5119:
    Type                raid1
    Monitoring          monitored
    Raid Data LV 0
      Logical volume    lv_raid1_rimage_0
      Logical extents   0 to 5119
    Raid Data LV 1
      Logical volume    lv_raid1_rimage_1
      Logical extents   0 to 5119
    Raid Metadata LV 0  lv_raid1_rmeta_0
    Raid Metadata LV 1  lv_raid1_rmeta_1


# lvs -a -o name,devices vg_raid | grep lv_raid1_


출력 예시:

  lv_raid1             lv_raid1_rimage_0(0),lv_raid1_rimage_1(0)
  [lv_raid1_rimage_0]  /dev/vdb1(2561)
  [lv_raid1_rimage_1]  /dev/vdc1(2561)
  [lv_raid1_rmeta_0]   /dev/vdb1(2560)
  [lv_raid1_rmeta_1]   /dev/vdc1(2560)


7-2-3. RAID5 확인

# lvdisplay -m /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid5


출력 예시:

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid5
  LV Name                lv_raid5
  VG Name                vg_raid
  LV UUID                djmAxC-fh3X-mvru-IPoy-6gsx-RTox-isqmjc
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time KVM01, 2025-09-06 15:32:38 +0900
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                20.00 GiB
  Current LE             5120
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     768
  Block device           252:14

  --- Segments ---
  Logical extents 0 to 5119:
    Type                raid5
    Monitoring          monitored
    Raid Data LV 0
      Logical volume    lv_raid5_rimage_0
      Logical extents   0 to 2559
    Raid Data LV 1
      Logical volume    lv_raid5_rimage_1
      Logical extents   0 to 2559
    Raid Data LV 2
      Logical volume    lv_raid5_rimage_2
      Logical extents   0 to 2559
    Raid Metadata LV 0  lv_raid5_rmeta_0
    Raid Metadata LV 1  lv_raid5_rmeta_1
    Raid Metadata LV 2  lv_raid5_rmeta_2


# lvs -a -o name,devices vg_raid | grep lv_raid5_


출력 예시:

  lv_raid5             lv_raid5_rimage_0(0),lv_raid5_rimage_1(0),lv_raid5_rimage_2(0)
  [lv_raid5_rimage_0]  /dev/vdb1(7682)
  [lv_raid5_rimage_1]  /dev/vdc1(7682)
  [lv_raid5_rimage_2]  /dev/vdd1(1)
  [lv_raid5_rmeta_0]   /dev/vdb1(7681)
  [lv_raid5_rmeta_1]   /dev/vdc1(7681)
  [lv_raid5_rmeta_2]   /dev/vdd1(0)


7-2-4. RAID10 확인

# lvdisplay -m /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid10


출력 예시:

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid10
  LV Name                lv_raid10
  VG Name                vg_raid
  LV UUID                fXRwoA-xFo6-O2Lt-x6Q9-V1SL-nCqP-jZe2vU
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time KVM01, 2025-09-06 15:32:49 +0900
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                20.00 GiB
  Current LE             5120
  Mirrored volumes       4
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     1024
  Block device           252:23

  --- Segments ---
  Logical extents 0 to 5119:
    Type                raid10
    Monitoring          monitored
    Raid Data LV 0
      Logical volume    lv_raid10_rimage_0
      Logical extents   0 to 5119
    Raid Data LV 1
      Logical volume    lv_raid10_rimage_1
      Logical extents   0 to 5119
    Raid Data LV 2
      Logical volume    lv_raid10_rimage_2
      Logical extents   0 to 5119
    Raid Data LV 3
      Logical volume    lv_raid10_rimage_3
      Logical extents   0 to 5119
    Raid Metadata LV 0  lv_raid10_rmeta_0
    Raid Metadata LV 1  lv_raid10_rmeta_1
    Raid Metadata LV 2  lv_raid10_rmeta_2
    Raid Metadata LV 3  lv_raid10_rmeta_3


# lvs -a -o name,devices vg_raid | grep lv_raid10_


출력 예시:

  lv_raid10            lv_raid10_rimage_0(0),lv_raid10_rimage_1(0),lv_raid10_rimage_2(0),lv_raid10_rimage_3(0)
  [lv_raid10_rimage_0] /dev/vdb1(10243)
  [lv_raid10_rimage_1] /dev/vdc1(10243)
  [lv_raid10_rimage_2] /dev/vdd1(2562)
  [lv_raid10_rimage_3] /dev/vde1(1)
  [lv_raid10_rmeta_0]  /dev/vdb1(10242)
  [lv_raid10_rmeta_1]  /dev/vdc1(10242)
  [lv_raid10_rmeta_2]  /dev/vdd1(2561)
  [lv_raid10_rmeta_3]  /dev/vde1(0)


8. 파일 시스템




8-1. 파일 시스템 생성

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid0
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid1
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid5
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid10


9. 마운트




9-1. 마운트 포인트 생성

# mkdir /mnt/{raid0,raid1,raid5,raid10}



9-2. 마운트

# mount /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid0 /mnt/raid0
# mount /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid1 /mnt/raid1
# mount /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid5 /mnt/raid5
# mount /dev/vg_raid/lv_raid10 /mnt/raid10



9-3. 마운트 확인

# df -Th | grep raid


출력 예시:

/dev/mapper/vg_raid-lv_raid0  ext4       20G   24K   19G   1% /mnt/raid0
/dev/mapper/vg_raid-lv_raid1  ext4       20G   24K   19G   1% /mnt/raid1
/dev/mapper/vg_raid-lv_raid5  ext4       20G   24K   19G   1% /mnt/raid5
/dev/mapper/vg_raid-lv_raid10 ext4       20G   24K   19G   1% /mnt/raid10


10. DISK 교체




10-1. 구성 상태 확인

# lvs -a -o name,devices vg_raid | grep lv_raid1_


출력 예시:

  lv_raid1             lv_raid1_rimage_0(0),lv_raid1_rimage_1(0)
  [lv_raid1_rimage_0]  /dev/vdb1(2561)
  [lv_raid1_rimage_1]  /dev/vdc1(2561)
  [lv_raid1_rmeta_0]   /dev/vdb1(2560)
  [lv_raid1_rmeta_1]   /dev/vdc1(2560)



10-2. 장애 디스크 교체 실행

  • PV(/dev/vdb1)를 다른 PV로 교체합니다.
# lvconvert --replace /dev/vdb1 vg_raid/lv_raid1



10-3. 교체 확인

# lvs -a -o name,devices vg_raid | grep lv_raid1_


출력 예시:

  lv_raid1             lv_raid1_rimage_0(0),lv_raid1_rimage_1(0)
  [lv_raid1_rimage_0]  /dev/vdd1(5123)
  [lv_raid1_rimage_1]  /dev/vdc1(2561)
  [lv_raid1_rmeta_0]   /dev/vdd1(5122)
  [lv_raid1_rmeta_1]   /dev/vdc1(2560)


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